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Puasa Bulan Kedamaian dan Semangat Melatih Kesabaran

Setiap Tahun, pastinya di penghujung bulan Syaban  seorang muslim wajib menunaikan rukun islam ke 3 Itu artinya, sebentar lagi umat muslim di seluruh penjuru telah sampai pada bulan yang penuh kemuliaan dan bulan seribu bulan yakni bulan Ramadhan. Saat bulan Ramadhan, umat muslim diwajibkan untuk berpuasa. Umat muslim juga disunahkan untuk memperbanyak ibadah, muamalah dan bersedekah agar mendapat pahala yang berlipat ganda dan melimpah untuk amal di hari akhirat kelak.

Bulan Ramadhan ini sangat spesial dibandingkan dengan bulan-bulan lainnya, bahkan nabi Muhammad SAW, beliau Rasulullah bersabda: “Sekiranya umatku mengetahui apa saja yang ada dalam Ramadhan, niscaya mereka akan berharap satu tahun penuh menjadi Ramadhan.” Salah satu di antara yang menjadikan bulan Ramadhan spesial adalah karena di bulan ini orang-orang mukmin dianjurkan untuk berpuasa, sebagaimana firman Allah: “Wahai orang-orang yang beriman diwajibkan atas kamu sekalian puasa, sebagaimana diwajibkan atas orang-orang sebelum kamu agar kamu sekalian bertaqwa.” (QS. Al-Baqarah: 183)

Berpuasa adalah aktivitas wajib yang dilakukan oleh Umat Islam, dengan menahan lapar dan haus dari segala hal yang bisa membatalkannya mulai dari terbit fajar hingga terbenam matahari. Selain aktivitas menahan lapar, puasa juga merupakan aktivitas yang bermanfaat melatih kesabaran dengan bingkai semangat perdamaian dan kerukunan serta berbagi kebahagiaan kepada sesama muslim dan sekitarnya.

Ditegaskan dalam al-Qur’an,  menunjukkan betapa puasa juga telah menjadi amalan ibadah umat terdahulu. Di sinilah, puasa diletakkan sebagai ibadah wajib, yang secara sah dan wajib dipraktikkan. Bahkan, ibadah puasa tidak hanya menjadi klaim agama islam saja, Kristen, Hindu dan Budha pun memiliki ibadah puasa yang biasanya dijadikan sebagai sarana atau persiapan untuk melakukan ibadah dan ritual.

Mendekatkan  diri kepada yang Kuasa adalah salah satu Ibadah puasa  yang menjadi mata rantai yang menunjukkan aspek kesinambungan atau kontinuitas agama-agama di dunia. Dalam Islam sendiri, puasa berarti menjadi bukti kelanjutan dan penyempurnaan dari agama-agama Allah (samawi) yang telah diturunkan kepada umat-umat terdahulu

Berpuasa dalam bahasa Arab disebut ash-shaum yang berarti al-imsak (menahan diri). Dalam istilah syari’at Islam, ash-shaum artinya adalah ibadah dengan menahan diri dari makan, minum, berkhalwat (zina) dan hal-hal lain yang membatalkan puasa, dari terbit fajar sampai waktu terbenam matahari dengan niat mencari ridha Allah SWT. Dari sini tampak bahwa puasa tidak hanya sekedar menahan makan dan minum, karena orang yang berpuasa hanya menahan diri dari makan dan minum serta perbuatan yang tidak baik.

Demikiam, ajaran Islam tentang puasa, selain mengajarkan untuk menahan haus dan lapar juga mengajarkan hamba-hambanya agar menahan diri dari kebencian, kedengkian dan kemungkaran antar sesama umat manusia. Rasulullah mengajarkan puasa sebagai amanah bagi umat Islam untuk dikerjakan sepenuh hatinya. Karena itu, puasa sebagai amanah mesti dimaknai sebagai tanggung jawab untuk membentuk masyarakat Muslim yang taat, salih, dan mengajak perdamaian.

Imam Ghazali berpendapat, puasanya orang seorang Mukmin adalah puasanya orang yang menahan makan, minum dan menghindari perbuatan dosa apapun itu. Seperti menahan anggota badannya dari perbuatan maksiat dan menahan hatinya dari prasangka buruk serta menahan perbuatan buruk lainnya. Dengan demikian, orang yang berpuasa, selain menahan makan dan minum.

 Ia juga harus menahan sifat marah, benci dan dengki. Ini adalah sebuah latihan untuk mengendalikan diri dari godaan untuk berbuat yang menimbulkan permusuhan. Disini, tampak jelas bahwa puasa ikut mendorong terciptanya perdamaian di saat dunia penuh dengan gejolak, pertikaian antarkelompok, dan ketakutan dari serangan terror dan ujaran kebencian.

Rasa perdamaian dalam melaksanakan ibadah puasa menuntut diri menghindari permusuhan. Serta pertikaian. Ini secara otentik bisa dimaknai sebagai Stimulus perdamaian. Layaknya Kata “al-Islam” atau “as-salam” artinya adalah damai. Bahkan, dalam fiqih pun, ada istilah dar al-salam yang merujuk pada makna “wilayah damai”.  

Inilah wujud secara substansial bermakna Kedamaian, terlepas makna penyerahan atau ketundukan diri. Oleh Karena itu, pesan tegas puasa adalah menciptakan perdamaian dan kerukunan sejati dalam bingkai agama, bukannya memperbanyak perselisihan, pertikaian dan peperangan.

Dengan berpuasa juga, seorang muslim diajarkan menjadi pribadi yang lebih sabar dan mampu menahan amarah serta nafsu yang buruk. Yaitu aktivitas yang mengajarkan seorang mukmin untuk lebih mengontrol diri. Karena sejatinya, Allah mencintai orang-orang yang sabar dan menahan amarahnya ketika memasuki bulan yang penuh kedamaian ini.

Dikutip Dalam surat Ali Imram ayat 134 disebutkan, “(yaitu) orang yang berinfak, baik di waktu lapang maupun sempit, dan orang-orang yang menahan amarahnya dan memaafkan (kesalahan) orang lain. Dan Allah mencintai orang yang berbuat kebaikan.” (QS Ali Imram, 134).

Ketika berpuasa di bulan Ramadhan, umat muslim diperintahkan untuk beribadah lebih banyak, khusyuk dan iklas. Lewat berpuasa, manusia akan semakin rendah hati dan menysukuri betapa besar nikmat serta karunia Tuhan untuknya. Intinya, dengan ibadah puasa akan terbentuk “the good society” Yakni, masyarakat yang damai tanpa kekerasan dan masyarakat yang penuh dengan nuansa spiritual-religius. Mari sama-sama kita menjadikan ini sebagai momentum pencerminan diri untuk lebih baik kedepanya.

 

Penulis:
Muhammad Reza, S.Sos

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